But in some cases, other lists have information aboutthe travelers: Start your search for free in the Passenger Lists, 1865-1922 collection at the Library and Archives Canada website. Folders and booklets will be found In abundance in the station at Liverpool and on the steamers. Immigration Projects Online Earlier lists not so much. In many cases, the country is self-evident, i.e., Boston is of course in USA, Melbourne in Australia and so on. These records tell us how people moved into and out of Australia. Transcribed databases can contain errors or omissions. in 1900, Victoria and Vancouver in 1905, North Sydney, N.S. The indexes contain basic information such as name of immigrant, port of arrival, age, country of origin and the page and film number for the actual passenger list. Rjukan There are no comprehensive nominal lists of immigrants arriving prior to 1865 in Canada according to the Library and Archives Canada. * The Hawke Papers, letterbooks of Chief Emigrant Agent Anthony B. Hawke are available at the Archives of Ontario from 1831 to 1892. Copyright 1996-presentThese pages may be freely linked to but not duplicated in any fashion without my written consent. Researcher Services Division. Ships Passenger Lists to Quebec on TheShipsList.com There are no comprehensive ships passenger lists of immigrants arriving in Canada prior to 1865. Estimated arrival. However the images are searchable at Ancestry.com! This database contains records of immigrants crossing into Canada from the United States between 1908 and 1935. ??? 5 June 1870 to Quebec Front of Form 30A, SS Cleveland, 1924. | 1850-1864 | 1865-present : Old Homestead Pub. Peruvian of 1865 - First Passenger List Archived by Canada From Glasgow, Derry and Galway To the Port of Boston, Massachusetts From Wales : Buena Vista and Hartley Passengers 1849 (archived web pages - may be unavailable, incomplete, or slow to respond) : 326 passengers who departed from Swansea to Liverpool and then to New Orleans. The passenger lists include name of vessel, ports of embarkation and arrival, date of arrival, and the names of 7,300 passengers--their ages, sex, and often the place of last residence, and final destination. S. S. Pisa Hamburg, Germany to Quebec & Montreal, 1911 ), consult the list of NAC microfilm numbers for passenger lists to Canada 1865-1922, Ships Passenger Lists to Quebec on TheShipsList.com, RMS Andania 1922 Souvenir Passenger List (Southampton to List of Loyalists Aboard The Ann, 1792. May 1865 to Quebec Barbora Butkute. An index for 1906-1908 is on LAC films T-521 to T-533; 1865-1922 digitized and available online, but is not searchable by passenger. Date of Sailing 21/9/05. Nile May 1872 London & Plymouth to Quebec To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Transatlantic Passenger Liners at the Liverpool Landing Stage. Co. 3 vols. Ancestry.ca has a good selection of digitized Passenger Lists for Nova Scotia. Cap Rouge of 1865 Plymouth to Quebec 14 April 1866 to Quebec Remain in custody of Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Must complete Access to Information. Library and Archives Canada, the Canadian national archive, holds original passenger arrival records. 3211 Grant McConachie Way, Richmond, BC V7B 0A4, Canada. Other intermediary ports of call are not listed. Formats differ by years and unfortunately there is little consistency. ThamesAug..1865 London to Quebec (inc. Norwegians) Halifax, 1881-1919 - chronological order by ships arrival in port; unindexed so you must know the vessel's name or approximate year and season of arrival (microfilms 12496-12540), North Sydney, 1906-1919 - chronological order by ships arrival in port; unindexed so you must know the vessel's name or approximate year and season of arrival (microfilms 12758-12772). The collection of Passenger Lists at the Nova Scotia Archives is available onsite only, and includes: banner image: East Coast Port - 200902396 Dorothy and David Dobbs, British evacuee children, eating lunch yesterday, at the Canadian Immigration Shed, Nova Scotia Archives https://archives.novascotia.ca/passenger-lists/. 1400-1800 * Canadian Passenger Lists Questions 1911-1919 Passenger lists comprised the official immigration records of Canada between the years covered by this collection, although the forms used and information recorded varied. This database is an index to the Board of Trade's passenger lists of ships arriving in the United Kingdom and Ireland from foreign ports outside of Europe and the Mediterranean. If you order today, this is the estimated delivery date and is based on the seller's processing time and location, carrier transit time, and your inferred shipping address. The extent of original materials at the GG Archives can be very beneficial when researching your family's migration from Europe. Passenger lists of ships arriving in various Canadian ports as well as some eastern U.S. ports from 18651935 are indexed this database. Exceptions were for passengers in transit to the U.S. Remote access from home is not available. Arrived June 20th, 90 passengers. Mennonite Immigrants on Quebec Passenger Lists: 1881-1896* Compiled by John Dyck and William Harms Minor revisions by Richard D. Thiessen Introduction Historians have dealt extensively with the migration of Russian Mennonites to Canada which occurred in the two major waves of the 1870s and 1920s. 8 June 1872 to Quebec Passenger lists are arranged by port and are in chronological order. Be aware that there is some overlap between 1919 and 1922 in the use of the Form 30A and the previous passenger lists. Aeroplane View of Liverpool from Above the Mersey. Library and Archives Canada. Landing and immigration records for individuals who arrived in Canada before 1936 (passenger lists 1865-1935 and border entry lists 1908-1935) are kept by Library and Archives Canada. 2020 - she menced her first bremen baltimore galveston voyage on 13 9 1900 and made the last of three . Passenger Lists to New Brunswick | to Nominal passenger list indexes for 1925 to 1935 are now searchable online at the National Archives of Canada. In 1817 it became a requirement to also list passengers at the disembarkation port, but unfortunately these records seem not to have been preserved in any official capacity. to 1871 . The route between Liverpool and London via the London & North Western Railway is fascinating and comprehensive. Search Canadian Passenger Lists, 1865-1922 NOTE: these are images and are not indexed by name The Hawke Papers, letterbooks of Chief Emigrant Agent Anthony B. Hawke searchable database 1865 - 1883: * Passenger Lists 1925-1935 indexed and online at ArchiviaNet "Fast Sailing and Copper-Bottomed" - Aberdeen Sailing Ships and the Emigrant Scots They Carried to Canada, 1774 - 1855," published by Natural . They are not searchable by passenger name, you must have a precise date of immigration or be prepared to browse through all the images. Library and Archives Canada, n.d. RG 76-C. Department of Employment and Immigration fonds. Available now on Amazon.com and Amazon.ca, Between 1869 and the early 1930s, over 100,000 children Papers) | Canada-U.S. border crossing N Scale. What genealogical information can you find in this record? Krager Telemark Passenger lists of assisted arrivals may include: name, age, occupation, place of birth, (image) Ancestry.com in eResources provides this index but no passenger lists, at present. Nordhavet to Quebec via Plymouth Information listed in these records may include: name of passenger, gender, birth date and place, final destination, name of ship, date of arrival, port of departure, and place of last permanent residence. Immigration (Peter Robinson Settlement, Kingston Emigrant Records, Hawke Additional pay increases occur regularly through 10.5 years to the current max of $33.58 per hour. Howevera word of caution: there are some inconsistencies in the transcribed database. * AHSGR Ship and Immigration Records Ships to New Brunswick, Halifax Nova Scotia and Quebec 1900-1914 Citizenship Registration Records, 1851-1945 - Montreal Circuit Court, Immigrants at Grosse-le Quarantine Station, 1832-1937, Immigrants from the Russian Empire, 1898-1922 (LI-RA-MA Collection), Immigrants Sponsored by the Montreal Emigrant Society, 1832, Naturalization Records, 1828-1850 - Upper Canada and Canada West, Passenger Lists for the Port of Quebec City, 1865-1900, Passenger Lists and Border Entries, 1925-1935 - Nominal Indexes. Remember, you'll need to show photo ID to be issued with records. Ships Passenger Lists to Canada 1872 Liverpool was the port of registry of the ill fated ocean liner, the RMS Titanic. URL: http://olivetreegenealogy.com/ Skien News New Arrivals Announcements Blog. 17th Regiment of Foot. However, there are no comprehensive lists of names of immigrants arriving in Canada before 1865. Examine the Form 30A for Barbora Butkute. las vegas airport arrivals. However the chances of finding some kind of list are much greater if your ancestor was part of an organized party of immigrants. Given the tens of thousands of people who immigrated here before 1867, not many lists have survived. Surfaceman, Navvy or Miner. From the index page, select the search option, enter the name Malcolm McGregor and click on Search. ), consult the list of NAC microfilm numbers for passenger lists to Canada 1865-1922 FREE access to Ships' Passenger Lists on Ancestry.com - Find your Immigrant Ancestors! pauline hanson dancing with the stars; just jerk dance members; what happens if a teacher gets a dui If you dont find your ancestor in the database, the name may just have been missed. Canadian Passenger Lists can be Divided into Three Groups: The National Institute for Genealogical Studies, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Canada_Passenger_Lists_(National_Institute)&oldid=4791166. Halifax Ship Arrivals 1900-1914 Many of these passengers had a final destination of ND, KS, NE, IL or other American states Any immigrant destined for western Canada having landed in the U.S. could continue their journey by train from their port of arrival; however, none of the names of train passengers were recorded. Canada) - List of Passengers, Cunard Line, R. M. S. Outgoing passenger lists (1890-1960) Search and download ( charges apply) lists of passengers boarding at UK and Irish ports and travelling to places such as America, Canada, India, New. Immigration and Naturalization Service. 1816 Thomas Gillespiedeparted Saugor, India March 12, 1816. Some of these earlier records have survived. Currently, the project is indexing arrivals at Quebec ports from 1905 onwards. The passenger lists are the official immigration records for those who arrived in Canada by ship. After 1865 ships' masters were required to prepare a manifesto listing all families and submit it to port authorities. Ancestry Library Edition also provides access to Vancouver, British Columbia Passenger Lists - Chinese Arrivals, 1906-1912. The period from 25 June 1905 to 13 October has been completed and an index is available. Barbora Butkute. passenger lists at the National Archives of Canada are now searchable online, FREE access to Ships' Passenger Lists on Ancestry.com - Find your Immigrant Ancestors! Until that year, shipping companies were not required by the government to keep their passenger manifests. SS Montrose, from Liverpool arrived 19 June 1926 at Quebec - page 67 (Sheet 23) The Vancouver Public Library also owns microfilm copies of passenger lists for Vancouver, Victoria and Pacific ports covering the period from 1905-1922. (via Cherbourg), Thursday, 1st June, 1922. Pictou and Miramachi, arriving in September |MR - 4D| Brig: Chieftain: 7 July 1834: Cromarty, 119 passengers |MR - 4D| Brig: . 14 June 1868 to Quebec About Canada, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1865-1935 Passenger lists of ships arriving in various Canadian ports as well as some eastern U.S. ports from 1865-1935 are indexed this database. Can she solve the mysteries of the past and the present before disaster strikes? Canadian Passenger Lists can be Divided into Three Groups: edit Prior to 1865 1865-1935, and 1936 onwards Prior to 1865 From 1803 the British government required a ship's captain to list all passengers at point of departure. Rjukan transcribed from the registers. Those heading to the United States were not required to complete the form. Editions of the Quebec Mercury, although not indexed are also available on microfilm from LAC. Crocodile 1870 Portsmouth to Quebec (unemployed Admiralty Dockyard Workers) This database contains an index of aliens and citizens crossing into the U.S. from Canada via various ports of entry along the U.S.-Canadian border between 1895 and 1960. Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery by Lorine McGinnis Schulze, Organize Your Genealogy in Evernote in 10 Easy Steps, Immigration (Ships Passenger Lists, Naturalization, etc). For many years, it was cheaper to travel to Canada than the U.S. and you'll want to search for him or her in Canadian Passenger Arrivals, 1865-1935, Canada, Ocean Arrivals (Form 30A), 1919-1924, . The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Ottawa Sep.1865 London & Queenstown to Quebec (inc. Norwegians) Maiden Voyage If you find your ancestor on the index, it is important to consult the actual film as much more information is available from the passenger manifest. GGA Image ID # 154153b856. All Scales. The Halifax Regional Municipality, commonly Halifax or HRM, is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Bound for New York. Margaret Ann 1865 Plymouth to Quebec pan am 806 passenger list 27 Feb. pan am 806 passenger list. Detailed information about passenger lists at Library and Archives Canada is available on the Library and Archives' Immigration web page. S. S. Melita Liverpool to Quebec carrying soldiers, 1919 The Jewish Genealogical Society (Toronto) has created an index of the Rotenberg Ledger and placed it online. Excludes: * Library and Archives Canada has digitized Canadian Passenger Lists, 1865 - 1922 as part of their new Moving Here, Staying Here online exhibition. Other intermediary ports of call may not be listed. Washington, DC 20536. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Railroad Bridge #901 Passenger Train Arrival Morrison IL 1907 Postcard H1 at the best online prices at eBay! The route from Liverpool to the North is convenient for those who wish to visit the English Lakes or Scotland. Before 1948, every passenger ship or aircraft captain provided a list of passengers on their vessel when they arrived. Use the following Tip Sheet to keep it all straight: Indexed and available at Ancestry.ca.with link to the LAC image, Preprinted forms provided to shipping companies to record all passengers on the ship, Quebec 1865-1900 is indexed: An index for halifax 1881-1882 is on LAC film C-15712. St. John Ship Arrivals 1900-1909 Many of these passengers had a final destination of ND, KS, NE, OH or other American states Passenger arrival records can be a treasure trove of family history. Compare the information contained in the following Bavarian passenger list with that of the Ann. In that case you should check the appropriate provincial archives to see what types of records they hold. and M.K.Meyer, Editors, Volume 1 :- A through F Volume 2 :- F through N Volume 3 :- N through Z If so desired, heavy luggage can be checked through to London direct or any station on the Great Western Railway. Some Passenger Lists exist for the period of the French regime and are held by LAC (MG 1 F5B). * Search engines to search online free databases on multiple websites for ships to Canada Numidian May 1895 bringing orphaned boys from Liverpool Catholic Children Protection Society to Quebec Passenger lists usually give details of the overseas port to which the passenger is sailing, while remaining silent on the country in which the port is situated. Arrived August 14, 1816 Gravesend. Microfilm Publications T-479 to T-520, T-4689 to T-4874, T-14700 to T-14938, C-4511 to C-4542. Search the Citizenship and Immigration CanadaPublic Rights Administration 360 Laurier Avenue West,10th Floor Ottawa, ON K1A 1L1. searchable database 1865 - 1883 The 1831-1865 records are not online but can be consulted at the Ontario Archives * Passenger Books of J & J Cooke, Shipping Agents with sailings from RMS Andania 1922 Souvenir Passenger List (Southampton to Generally speaking, each manifest provides the following information: The earlier lists arent always so detailed. 1803-1864 : Immigrants to Canada before 1865. List. The Large Buildings in the Foreground, from Left to Right, Are the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building, and the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Building. ), Crown copyright 2023, ProvinceofNovaScotia. But her search into the past leads her to a dark secret. The new Palisade is available in South Africa in 5 exterior colours: Shimmering Silver, Moonlight Blue, Graphite Gray, White Cream and Abyss Black. http://FamilySearch.org : 18 July 2022. Links to digital images of original records are provided. This collection, covering 2.2 million people who arrived in these ports, has never been indexed before. All rights reserved It Compiling and keeping Passenger Lists was haphazard until responsibility was taken over by the Government of Canada after Confederation in 1867. This is a collection on Ancestry.com called U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s. Library and Archives Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. If you're unable to locate your ancestor, you'll want to search for him or her in Canadian Passenger Arrivals, 1865-1935, Canada, Ocean Arrivals (Form 30A), 1919-1924, and Border . Wrecked near Halifax, Nova Scotia April 1, 1873. Quebec Ship Arrivals 1900-1909 Many of these passengers had a final destination of ND, MI or other American states Few passenger lists are available for Canadian ports for the pre-1865 period. Cabin Passenger Sadly, there are not complete sets of passenger lists to Canada before 1865 because of lack of government requirement to keep each ship manifest. It is further suggested to place comments in this space to get help. Passenger lists have been found for the following ports ONLY: Saint John 1816, 1833, 1834, 1838 St. Andrews 1837, 1838 Bathurst 1837 Researchers who might want to study these lists on microfilm can refer to the following Microfilm T-14978. And the news gets even better. ports begin only in 1905, whereas for eastern ports, they date back much earlier. Keep in mind that the information in these books is from lists already published. S. S. Saturnia Glasgow to Montreal carrying soldiers from Newfoundland, 1919 Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. For the convenience of trans-Atlantic passengers, Riverside Railway Station (adjoining the Landing Stage) affords a direct Special Train Service to London, run on the arrival of the principal steamers from America. Details of records held at the Archives Centre in Liverpool's Maritime Museum about official records of passengers. To find a passenger you will need to know an exact date of arrival OR use the Ancestry.com searchable index for Canadian Passenger Lists, 1865-1935 Back of Form 30A, SS Cleveland, 1924. All rights reserved. Office between 1865 and 1883. SS Delta, 1873 to Ontario, Canada The forms were then submitted to immigration officers upon arrival at the port of destination. There are three simple steps to follow: Step 1. Each search engine uses a different database. Catalog record Baca, Leo. Results 1-9 of 9 View Record Name Birth Year Port of Departure Arrival Date Arrival Place Ship/Airline Gender Last Residence View Imge; Car Electronics Best Sellers New Arrivals Car Stereos Car Video Speakers Subwoofers Amplifiers Radar Detectors GPS . Fv 27, 2023 . This database contains passenger lists of Chinese passengers arriving by ship at Vancouver, British Columbia from January 3, 1906, to June 23, 1912 (excluding January 22, 1910, to January 20, 1912). These lists have also been indexed and are available on the LAC website. Space forbids a comparison of the merits of the accommodations, etc., on different roads. 1750-1752 : Passenger Lists : "Foreign Protestants" to Nova Scotia. This collection, covering 2.2 million people who arrived in these ports, has never been indexed before. immigration registers created by the Toronto Emigrant See Ships From China to Canada's West Coast. Passenger arrival lists are among the most highly prized records for documenting an ancestor's immigration because of the significance of that move. Ships Passenger Lists to Canada 1874 Passenger Books of J & J Cooke, Shipping Agents, Passenger List Indexing Project for 1900-1921, Search engines to search online free databases on multiple websites for ships to Canada, Toronto Emigrant Search Ships Indeed, the Egyptian has top-scored for the club across all competitions in every single . Irish Genealogical Society International - L Passenger Lists Canada: Emigrant Scots: An Inventory of extant ships manifests (passenger lists) in Canadian archives for Ships traveling from Scotland to Canada before 1900, call #CAN CJ008 Index of Passengers Who Emigated to Canada Between 1817 & 1849 - call #CAN CRP001 Form 30A - separate form for each individual (some early forms include dependants with head of household. Supported worldwide. The range of dates covered is 1865-1935. Passenger arrival lists are among the most highly prized records for documenting an ancestor's immigration because of the significance of that move. Microfilm T-485. Now available: Filling in the Gaps: Finding Pre-1865 Ships Passenger Lists to Canada (84 pages) by Lorine McGinnis Schulze barque Aurora from Calcutta to Adelaide, May 13, 1852. Ottawa Oct.1865 London to Quebec (inc. Norwegians) Passengers taking or holding through tickets to London incur no expense at Liverpool, as, after passing their baggage through the Custom House, dock porters transfer It at no cost to the owners, who need not leave the landing stage through tickets can be obtained at the Great Western Co.'s office in the Custom House waiting room. 425 I Street N.W. The records for this time period are different. The starting pay is $15.76 per hour. Adalia 1872 London (via Cherbourg), Thursday, 1st June, 1922. The Cunarder Magazine, July 1921. Nubia 1865 Londonderry to Quebec Olive Tree Genealogy was chosen by Family Tree Magazine as one of the 101 Best Genealogy Websites 2017! Northcote For those who prefer to browse microfilm copies of passenger lists for east coast ports, including Quebec, Montreal, Halifax, St. John, North Sydney and others, these are available on microfilm at Library and Archives Canada. Visit the rooftop garden, read, study and more. 1/160. Information collected on Canadian passenger lists varied over the years. Most extensive and up to date airline knowledge base: More than 50,000 aircraft, 6,500 airports and 5,000 airlines, access to fleet lists, worldwide airline schedules and route networks, airline management contacts, airline capacity and frequency analysis, airline PSS directory, up to date airline and route network news. Officially, the individual manifests were in use from June 1, 1921 to Dec. 31, 1924 (Obee 2004, 10). * Search Canada-U.S. border crossing records (Saint Albans Lists) 1895-1956 An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Ships Passenger Lists to Canada 1868 Passenger Lists Also known as Ships' Manifests or Seaport Records of Entry, Passenger Lists are often sought when researching an ancestor's immigration to Nova Scotia. New Ship Spares and Equipment Market, report covering industry Size, Share and Segment Analysis By Type (Bulkers, Tankers, etc. From 1948, air travel passengers filled in their own cards. The fast American Specials travel via Crewe, Stafford, and Rugby, the direct, original, and shortest route between Liverpool and London. Passenger lists exist for the official ports of Quebec City and Halifax (see details below). There are no records for arrivals at unofficial ports. Liverpool, the home port of many important British Steamship Lines, is located on the River Mersey, North West section of England, geographically convenient to all parts of the British Isles and within 4-hours train run of London. These are digitised records from two record series held at The National Archives: passengers who arrived in the UK between 1878 and 1960 (BT 26) at Ancestry.co.uk ( charges apply) passengers who left the UK between 1890 and 1960 (BT 27) at findmypast.co.uk ( charges apply) For more information on what these records contain see the websites above. Ships Passenger Lists to Canada 1873 records (Saint Albans Lists) | J.J. Cooke Shipping Agent Records | Filling in the Gaps 1850-1857. If you want to order filmed passenger lists (they aren't indexed! Part of first page. Thus, very few Chinese names are found in the database. The passenger list is a list of immigrants arriving at an official port of entry on a particular ship on a given date. These forms were microfilmed in quasi-alphabetical order, reverse side of the form first. Adalia 1872 London to Quebec via Plymouth (wrecked) records (Saint Albans Lists) | J.J. Cooke Shipping Agent Records | Filling in the Gaps 1850-1857, If you want to order filmed passenger lists (they aren't indexed! S. S. Mancester Corporation Manchester England to Montreal, 1919 barque Slains Castle, London to Port Phillip 1850-1851 (off-site passenger list) Di Comley. Quebec Ports (May 1865Jun 1908, Jun 1919Jul 1921, Apr 1925Nov 1935), Halifax, Nova Scotia (1881Oct 1922, 19251935), North Sydney, Nova Scotia (Nov 1906, Aug 1908Aug 1922, 19251935), Saint John, New Brunswick (1900Sep 1922, 19251935), Vancouver, British Columbia (1905Sep 1922, 19251935), Victoria, British Columbia and Pacific Ports (Apr 1905Sep 1922, 19251935), Eastern U.S. Underwood & Underwood. There are some transcriptions of passenger lists that have been preserved scattered across the internet. Nova Scotian 1865 Liverpool/Londonderry to Quebec One useful source to consult is Filby and Meyers Passenger and Immigration Lists Index. Skien Telemark by Lisa Cooke | Oct 21, 2015 | 01 What's New, Canadian, Immigration, Records & databases. We also highly recommend checking the official . The airport is capable of handling nine million passengers per year. The original lists have been withdrawn from research use. 1885, Passenger list - Glasgow - Halifax What is Your Intended Occupation in Canada. All California, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists, 1882-1959 results for Leffie Ripley. and The following Information for ocean passengers landing at Liverpool is furnished by the Great Western Railway Co., 355 Broadway, New York. * Manifest Markings on Canadian Passenger Lists They also include the names of returning Canadians, visitors, tourists and passengers in transit to the United States. Lists from later years usually contain more details depending on the form. passenger lists Hanoverian, April Note: Typically, only the origination and final destination ports are listed in each link. George A. Philips 1865 Youghal, Ireland to Quebec Porsgrunn Telemark Upon payment of 6d per package, the company will also arrange for the luggage to be delivered at any hotel or residence within a certain radius at the principal places served by the Great Western Railway. Records in this database are for the following ports and years: All passengers' names are included in these lists regardless of country of origin or nationality including returning Canadian citizens, immigrants, individuals in transit to the U.S., and visitors to Canada.
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