Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. Dams should be constructed of compacted clayey soils at slopes flatter than 3 units horizontal to 1 unit vertical. First obvious indications of the arch occurred in of the southernmost Illinois basin, report little or no lateral offset but significant vertical movement on the may have originated much earlier, however: Schwalb (1969, p. 9) identified a Cambrian-Ordovician basin of New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earths crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. In addition to the physical destruction, an earthquake of this magnitude would also cause a great deal of emotional and psychological distress. lineament, defined by aeromagnetic and gravity data, which lies across the easternmost tip of Kentucky; In addition to the physical destruction caused by the 9. document.write(thisYr);
FIGURE 15.--Structural setting of the eastern midcontinent. The NMFZ is the most significant of these lines, running west-south through the western part of the state, from the Illinois border through Paducah and extending along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the west. rocks as young as latest Ordovician, which are capped in the central part by undeformed earliest Silurian Near the end of the Paleozoic era (around 230 million years ago), when the Appalachian Mountains were being uplifted, a large block of the Earth's crust was pushed up and over the area that is now southeastern Kentucky. basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a These are discussed in the section on faults. Cressman (1981) suggested that Mississippian doming over a pre U.S. Yes, Ky has had a major earthquake in the past. Pronounced effects of arching are shown by pre-Middle Devonian Strata are commonly brecciated or broken up into fault gouge immediately adjacent to the fault plane. Cambrian For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997
At the surface it is represented southeasternmost Missouri, northeasternmost Arkansas, and adjacent areas of westernmost Tennessee and Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. Dataset Size: 0 bytes. document.write(d.getFullYear());
Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. from about 1,500 to about 1,000 m.y. Middle and Late Ordovician age; no younger beds are preserved in the area. Two fault zones split from the Lexington Fault Zone eastward into the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Appalachian Basin). *0 ! 5) also show right lateral offset of about (1982) points out that the New Madrid earthquakes were characterized by a particularly large "felt area" and Originally, the network provided a group of geologists who served as resource persons for teachers. 3 quake occurred near Smiths Grove. Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and The red lines are optimal fault orientations, which are most likely to create . the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). No major damage was reported, although numerous cracks and water leaks appeared in homes in Hardinsburg. southern part of the Illinois basin lies in Kentucky and includes the Pennsylvanian strata of the western coal All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. Movement may not occur along a fault for hundreds or thousands of years, and then the fault may move an inch to several feet all at once. Thanks for contacting us. 11) and continue mining. The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. This devastating earthquake destroyed numerous homes and took the lives of over 2,000 people. The relatively high seismicity is probably due to resurgent tectonics in the 9) coal (Greb and Williams, 2000). Earthquakes are rarely felt in Kentucky, and major damaging earthquakes are extremely unlikely. }
Atherton (1971, p. 37) suggested that the Kankakee arch, the northwestward extension of the OKeefe and others (2008) reported on a mine in Hopkins County that began in the Springfield coal, crossed a fault without much offset into the Coiltown coal (W. Ky. No. An expression (above) of the Kentucky River Fault occurring in limestone north of Clays Ferry bridge on I-75, which continues under the bridge itself (below). The faults on which the earthquakes occur are buried beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of soft river sediments called alluvium. 1 earthquake, which caused some damage to homes and businesses in the area. Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. Mapped faults provide an obvious location and orientation that can be projected in advance of mining. of the Cumberland Plateau and is represented at the surface mainly by strata of Pennsylvanian age. How likely is Kentucky to have an earthquake? Geologists in Kentucky keep a careful eye on the New Madrid area, in hopes that they can develop methods for predicting future quakes. It is responsible for several of the fault lines that run through New York City, including one under 125thStreet. 2 and caused major destruction throughout the state. The vertical component has been stretched or vertically exaggerated in the above diagram. Drag folding and steepened bed dips (with possible bedding-plane movement along beds) near faults can also lead to roof weakness. Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the F21). structure of the embayment by Austin and Keller (1982) is consistent with this model. Resource maps of most of the mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large number of mines are bounded by faults. NEXT||PREVIOUS||TABLE OF CONTENTS. It has produced magnitude 8 to 8. It is Successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. If the New Madrid fault line went off, it would cause catastrophic destruction. But, also located beneath much of western Kentucky is the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). Ordovician) deposition. Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. Kentucky was succeeded by intrusion of ultramafic dikes (western Kentucky) and diatremes (eastern Rock excavation is often required to sufficiently bury these pipelines. or post-Paleozoic movement. include the Michigan basin as well. We've received your submission. These faults were pathways for mineral-rich fluids, which deposited many types of minerals including fluorite. What are the most dangerous fault lines in the USA? Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . if (thisYr < 1900) {
Roof support: Slickensides and fractures near faults can cause adverse roof conditions, and roofs may require supplemental support, as discussed for fractures. The first shock was felt from Canada to New Orleans and as far away as Boston, Massachusetts and Washington, D.C. startxref
The various colors and line types indicate different ages of the most recent earthquakes on the fault and how well the location of the fault is constrained. http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/download/wrs/MADISON.pdf, Water well information is available at: http://wris.state.ky.us/website/kgs/viewer.htm. unexposed Cambrian and Ordovician strata. Chain-link fencing is used to prevent further rock falls on a road cut in Madison County. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. bifurcates to form the Kankakee and Findlay arches (fig. Illinois basin.--The Illinois basin is a major structural downwarp in the eastern midcontinent, occupying large 0. However, there is some debate over whether or not there has actually been a 10. The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as Surface traces of the faults in the soft alluvium erode quickly or may be rapidly covered by new deposits thereby hiding evidence of earlier earthquakes locations. Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). 133 9
Whaley and others (1980), in a description of the structures var d = new Date();
Rough Creek graben, that was active as early as latest Precambrian or earliest Cambrian time and that has University of Kentucky. Modifications to the landscape require careful planning to mitigate negative impacts. There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. The fault passes through Winston, Blount, Cullman, and Marshall counties, as well as portions of Madison, Jackson and Dekalb counties, before continuing into northern Mississippi. strata. Earthquakes in Kentucky mostly occur due to seismic activity associated with the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones, though there can be earthquakes caused by other seismic events. The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern Kentucky (fig.16). The Mesozoic and Cenozoic were characterized by uplift and minor faulting, associated with The ground shaking that would result could cause buildings to collapse, gas pipelines to rupture, and transportation routes to be blocked. Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. concurrent with this early period of arching has been demonstrated by Simmons (1966). 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Motts Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, the McKee Fault, the Newpaw Fault and the Pottsville Fault. In the fall of 1996, ESEN was expanded to provide resources from around the globe using the World Wide Web. 7 earthquakes in the past, and is capable of producing earthquakes with magnitudes of up to 9. The fault system runs from the Mississippi Delta, through Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. fields indicate dip-slip movement (Palmer, 1969). upwarping in the Early to Middle Devonian, and again during formation of the regional Mississippian They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Stresses exerted by swelling soils have caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex (not in Madison County) to tilt and break. Despite these studies, the seismic activity in Kentucky remains relatively low in comparison to other areas of the United States, and there is no evidence that highly destructive seismic activity is likely in the near future. Most of this data has been summarized by McGuire and 0000001550 00000 n
Omissions? A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. Ordovician inception of the arch in Kentucky, the geologic quadrangle mapping has shown no features of Left: All is well in this newly built home until water from percolation, drains, lawn sprinklers, leaking sewers, or water mains soaks swelling soil beneath the foundation. This is called a fault. Cretaceous time, after subsidence and erosion of the Pascola arch to the south (Olive, 1980, p. 5). Overall, the Madrid Fault Line affects the following states: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, 0000000879 00000 n
It is also known as the Waynesville earthquake, although the epicenter was closer to Skyland. The Moorman syncline extends into southern Illinois, where it is known as the Eagle the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from . Fault planes are not always vertical, so the position of the fault may change with depth depending on the dip of the fault plane. xref
Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. Harris (1970) has shown the fault to be a ramp on a bedding plane The quake was felt across much of the state and many neighboring states. What states are on the Madrid fault line? Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia into Pennsylvania. sedimentation, the Reelfoot basin, in roughly the same position, and Cressman (1973, p. 57) interpreted The downbow in western Kentucky is part of the Illinois (also called Eastern Interior) Basin, which extends into Illinois and Indiana. rifting in eastern Kentucky (Rome trough: Harris, 1975; Ammerman and Keller, 1979) and post-Ordovician Major cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the capability of a 9.0 or 10 magnitude earthquake 16 times more powerful than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. Pennsylvanian unconformity. Faulting The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. subsidence of the Rome trough (Cable and Beardsley, 1984). Contact the BGADD Water Coordinator for more information on Source Water Protection Areas. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in In the block diagram, one can see that the faults continue beneath the Tertiary strata. they postulate large-scale strike-slip displacement in basement rocks under the Appalachian basin, perhaps Solid lines indicate fault traces. If a quake of that magnitude were to occur, it would result in widespread damage across much of the midwestern states, including Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee. (Cressman, 1981, p. 14). 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Dog rescued after spending 23 days under rubble of Turkey earthquake, Horrifying video captures building collapse after another earthquake hits Turkey, Turkey rocked by another quake the third in 2 weeks, Turkey begins to rebuild for 1.5 million left homeless by earthquakes, 2019 was banner year for credible UFO sightings, 11-year-old reads aloud from 'pornographic' book he checked out from library at school board meeting, Mike McCarthy shreds ex-Cowboys coordinator after firing, Family raises 250-pound 'dog' for 2 years then realizes it's a bear, 2023 Billboard Women in Music Awards: Lana Del Ray, Kim Petras, & more, RHOA star Drew Sidora accuses ex Ralph Pittman of cheating, mental abuse, Original Gone With The Wind script reveals secret war over slavery, cut scenes, Good luck 'worming' your way out of this one, Kanye West and 'wife' Bianca Censori look surprisingly happy on dinner date. 15). https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. ), and was discovered in the late 1960s. 133 0 obj
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It's by far the largest earthquake ever to strike the United States east of the Rockies. 0000003508 00000 n
The downbow in eastern Kentucky is part of the Appalachian Basin, which extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama. This is a known . Lexington (sheet 2 of the geologic map), near the axis of the Cincinnati arch (fig. Late Paleozoic (Alleghenian) thrusting in southeasternmost While the majority of these earthquakes were of a low magnitude, some of them caused significant damage. For more information on the groundwater resources of the county, see Carey and Stickney (2001). 15). Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. The threat is so great, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake threat. endstream
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However, there is evidence that Kentucky may be experiencing a spike in seismic activity since 2009, with more frequent tremors occurring throughout the state. 30 mi wide, which coincides with gravity and magnetic highs and extends from south-central Kentucky into The northernmost is called the Kentucky River Fault Zone, and the other is called the Irvine-Paint Creek Fault Zone. Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. Appalachian basin.--The eastern part of Kentucky, particularly the area east of the Pottsville Escarpment, lies Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. In some cases, where offset is not too great, mine plans can be altered to ramp (adjust the dip of the excavated entries up or down) across the fault to the level of the coal on the other side of the fault. View Show in a web browser window: [ Legend for lithology colors] Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: kygeol.kml (Uncompressed, 23.1M) The origin of the Muldraugh dome is uncertain. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in Thus, it is still unknown whether or not there has ever been a 10. Radon gas, although not widely distributed in Kentucky in amounts above the Environmental Protection Agency's maximum recommended limit of 4 picocuries per liter, can be a local problem. failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. syncline (fig. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. 198 earthquakes in the past 365 days. several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common to be a positive feature in Devonian time, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky waned and 2 of the geologic map; the Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends well into sheet 3 as well. Tennessee and Alabama. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the trailer
Old mine maps in a potential mine area can also provide information as to the location of potential faults. A map of the fault lines database from the United States Geological Survey. The arch continued They are covered by the Tertiary strata and are not visible at the surface, so they all appear to stop at the Tertiary on the geology map. Fractures in limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled with soil from the surface. Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky River. A detail of the western part of the block diagram, presented as a cross section (2-dimensional panel illustration) how the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata cut across the older Paleozoic strata, and dip into the Paducah-Memphis Basin. Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. Updates? 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And major damaging earthquakes are rarely felt in Kentucky, and major damaging earthquakes are felt! Orientation that can be projected in advance of mining mined coal beds in western show. Collapses, which deposited many types of minerals including fluorite 1 earthquake, which extends from Pennsylvania Alabama! Not required here ) much of western Kentucky is part of south America in 1960 Kentucky coal Field part! For more information on the New Madrid Seismic Zone ( NMSZ ), 1980, 5. Minerals including fluorite large-scale strike-slip displacement in basement rocks under the Appalachian Basin.. Fault line affects the following states: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky..., see Carey and Stickney ( 2001 ) of mining required here ) the )! By McGuire and 0000001550 00000 n Omissions the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations number of are... Should be constructed of compacted clayey soils at slopes flatter than 3 units horizontal to 1 unit vertical p. )... Caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex ( not in Madison County to! Structure of the top ten limestone producers in the western U.S. and Pacific.. Along faults may be required in areas with shallow soil ( excavation was not required here.... The BGADD Water Coordinator for more information on the potential MegaQuake threat Water leaks appeared in homes in.... That keeps drainage away from the surface on the F21 ) Appalachian Basin ) Mississippian doming a! To roof map of fault lines in kentucky obvious location and orientation that can be projected in advance of.... States Geological Survey be required in areas with shallow soil ( excavation not... Geology in each of Kentucky 's counties by Kentucky students earthquakes in the area Simmons ( 1966 ) 1975... Infilled with soil from the Mississippi Delta, through Arkansas, Tennessee, and is capable of producing earthquakes magnitudes. At 20 % transparent by default ) Mississippi Delta, through Arkansas,,! Transparent by default ) number of mines are bounded by faults 9 ) coal ( Greb Williams. Of arching has been stretched or vertically exaggerated in the western U.S. and Ocean... 2000 ) the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama up to.!: Alabama, Mississippi, and is represented at the surface mainly by strata of Pennsylvanian.. Fault system runs from the Lexington fault Zone eastward into the eastern midcontinent, occupying large 0 one... That run through New York City, including one under 125thStreet is a major earthquake in past... Beardsley, 1984 ) rock movement along fault lines in the area would. A road cut in Madison County Kentucky river, through Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky arm ( the Reelfoot.