The interpretations of indices of level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use are indicated in Table 1. Agrochemical use and occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some parts of Central America. In Ghana, most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and rivers as sources of drinking water. 4,5 Many factors account for this phenomenon, including small farm sizes, which compel farmers to come into direct contact with agrochemicals, and the normalization of agrochemicals by smallholder farmers due to limited knowledge of safety . Contact -Its main aim is to kill insects when used on a single target.Because they must strike the insect directly, most domestic insect sprays work like contact insecticides. 0000006308 00000 n
Effect on Water. This safety precaution adherence is likely to increase the farm output level per unit area. The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. Most agricultural practices involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides often entail misuse or excessive application, thereby contributing to the killing of soil's . Protectant fungicides are preventive in nature and are only effective if applied before to fungal infection, hence the name. Corporate Office S. Gaber and S. Abdel-Latif, Effect of education and health locus of control on safe use of pesticides: a cross sectional random study, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. Agrochemical products are important agricultural inputs that assist farmers to protect their crops from pests and diseases. Strong winds blowing pesticides onto surrounding properties result in the largest number of complaints, so care should be taken to apply when winds are light and directed away from sensitive vegetation. 5, pp. 115 25
This variable was significant at 1% and positively related to the level of awareness. Due to the irrational use of agrochemicals, the degree of pollution in soil, air, water, and ecosystem as a whole is a big concern for us. Marital status was significant at 10% and had a positive effect on output. An agrochemical is any substance that humans use to help in the management of an agricultural ecosystem. The use of certain agrochemicals has been linked with environmental and ecological damages. This is an open access article distributed under the, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. The minimum quantity of pesticides applied on 1 acre of land was 2 liters and maximum of 7 liters with the mean of 4.8 liters. It can cleanse and unify, but we ensure it contaminates and divides. Agrochemicals affect maize crops directly. Information on the Endangered Species Protection Program administered through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency can be obtained atwww.epa.gov/espp. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. However, problems could arise through the indiscriminate use and in 1962 these were highlighted by Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring 13. 1, no. I would recommend that the authors should conduct a thorough English language . xb```6 ``a`b QK,x,vef :sb B:+n;u
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Mattah et al. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. Commercial and public applicators must be licensed to use any pesticides. 8, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2005. Toxicity- It is terms as follows.Extremely poisonous colour: crimson, symbol: skull and poison, Moderately hazardous blue tint, caution sign, oral method of delivery ,Highly toxicyellow colour, poison symbol and Less toxicgreen colour, caution symbol. Our objective was to integrate a rapid rural appraisal of indigenous farmer pesticide application practices and pest knowledge with a cost-benefit analysis of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, for the development of better agricultural management practices and improved regulatory infrastructure. <<9e5e50dee501c04ca1f8a45c8854d086>]>>
It is statistically significant at 1% and confirms the a priori expectation. The study, therefore, seeks to assess the factors that influence the farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use as well as the effect of the awareness on maize output. 8, pp. A reality many people know exists, but one that is not getting enough attention and awareness. 0000055893 00000 n
Of these plantain farmers, over 97% used the insecticide chlorpyrifos, and 84% applied nematicides, 64% herbicides, and 22% fungicides, with only 31% of participants reporting the use of some type of protective clothing during application. 2, pp. Exposure. 4,5 Many factors account for this phenomenon, including small farm sizes, which compel farmers to come into direct contact with agrochemicals, and the normalization of agrochemicals by smallholder farmers due to limited knowledge of safety . 13, no. This quantitative cross sectional study sought to understand the level of awareness, practices, and perceptions of safe Effects on soil: The unsafe handling and use of agrochemicals can lead to accumulation of hazardous chemicals in the body, causing adverse effects on health. The variable was significant at 10% and the coefficient was positive which affirmed a prior expectation. 1. Household size was significant at 5% and positively related to output. Additionally, 52.6% of the respondents adhere to the recommended dosage while 47.4% do not. They increase yields and reduce the presence of foreign materials in some commodities. The study finds out the total numbers of root fertilizers (N-P-K) of the noncooperative and cooperative farmers are similar, approximately 1,400 kg/ha/year higher than those in other countries. Descriptive statistics such as percentages were used while ordered logit model was used to identify factors influencing farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. The world fertilizer nutrient (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O) consumption has increased from 162 million tonnes in 2008 and is projected to reach 201 million tonnes in 2018, at annual growth rate of 1.8 . The value of F-test is 0.00 implying that the model is statistically significant at 1% and hence the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. In the area of reuse of empty containers of agrochemicals, 53.2% said they dispose of them while 46.8% said they use the containers for buying of oil and drinking of water in the farm. 2431, 2013. ? From the results, six out of ten independent variables statistically and significantly affect maize output. Pesticide misuse is often easy to spot. Agricultural pesticides have made it possible to increase production in crop and livestock enterprises in Africa. Use of Pesticides in Rice Cultivation.Pesticide use in some rice-producing countries is significant. Consult a specialist for recommendations on which pesticides or other agrochemical products are most suited to your insect situation. The attainment of formal education is very necessary for the use of agrochemicals. Fin The study found that environmental challenges, activities of NGOs, government policy, lack of or high cost of labor, and competition among farmers were major factors influencing farmers' decisions to use agrochemicals. Its a fungicide that kills or suppresses the fungus thats causing the problem, preventing animal disease and agricultural loss. Presently the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil and health. [27] found contradictory results of low overall output from cassava farmers as a result of large family size. They are also returned to the store after partial use at the farm. Keokuk County rural health study: self-reported use of agricultural chemicals and protective equipment. The misuse of agrochemicals in coffee production is a reality. 5, article no. Molluscicides: Molluscicides are used to treat schistosomiasis and are a highly specialized field. Table 5 shows the maximum likelihood estimate of the ordered logistic regressions model. To aid the process of sampling maize farm households from the communities within the municipality, a list of maize farmers was obtained from the extension department of the district Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) office. The use of the mass media has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness. Proper pesticide use starts before application. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic, Harold Brookfield. Never transport pesticides in a closed passenger vehicle or in a .
As the name suggests, the distribution of the logit model is logistic function whereas the probit model has a normal probability distribution. A cost-benefit analysis conducted with a separate group of 26 plantain farmers identified several national markets and one export market for plantain production in the Indigenous Territories. The quantity of pesticide applied significantly influences maize output (1% significant level). The mean score of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use in the study area was 58% indicating a moderate level of awareness. Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. Fungicides The research outcome can, therefore, be used by the Ministry of Agriculture, agrochemical companies, and other agencies to raise awareness of the need for safe handling and use of agrochemical by farmers through the identification of the drivers that influences farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. The awareness levels were ordered on a scale of 1 (049% score), 2 (5069% score), and 3 (above 70% score) indicating a low, medium, and high level of awareness which is also a measure of the intensity of awareness. Apart from the aforementioned, several are classified as agrochemical or agrichemical goods. On farms, proper storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and procedures for handling, application and disposal are often subject to mandatory standards and regulations. %PDF-1.4
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Long-term solutions however, are dependent on the development of policies and infrastructure that support non-chemical pest management, alternatives to pesticides, and the identification of organic plantain markets. Among the interventions this era saw to date were the use of fertilizers and pesticides in our day-to-day farming activity to boost yield and control pests/diseases. From the results, about 83% of said they wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application. 86, no. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. Utility is defined as the satisfaction that one derives from consuming a good. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. The Latin words fungicide and caedo mean fungus and caedo, respectively (to kill). Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. In measuring the levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use (for simplicity, let us use the symbol to indicate farmers awareness level), a total of 15 awareness indicative questions (see Appendix) were posed to farmers. Results indicate that the quantity of agrochemicals applied in plantain cultivation is less than that applied in export banana, but the absence of appropriate agrochemical application practices in plantain cultivation may pose serious risks to human and environmental health. It also posing a greater danger to human health and the environment. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze how output is affected by the level of awareness of agrochemical use risk. v 8IA2L%b b @HJ@g@ The average awareness score of farmers interviewed was 58% indicating that maize farmers in the study area are moderately aware of agrochemical usage and its health implications. P. Cocco, G. Satta, S. Dubois et al., Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the epilymph study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides . Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. [4] Due to the adaptation of pests to these chemicals, more and new agrochemicals were being used, causing side effects in the environment. Ejura-Sekyedumase District Assembly, District Information, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. The study used both descriptive and quantitative methods in analyzing the sampled data. Healthy, environmentally friendly lawn and landscape practices can reduce erosion, stream sedimentation, flooding, and runoff of pollutants into local waterways as well as risk of pesticide exposure to children, adults, pets, and wildlife. Other variables that were significant in output model include household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size, marital status, and quantity of pesticides applied. Privacy Policy Farmers exposed to chemicals are usually illiterate and lack the requisite training, equipment, and the necessary safety information. 4, pp. , , , , , , How you plan to care for your hibiscus plant, International Year of Fruits and Vegetables builds a nutritious future, CONTROL THE WEED THROUGH SOIL ACTIVE HERBICIDES. 90, no. For the development of new agrochemicals, our products, and new technology contribute to increased labor efficiency and safety. 1983).Heavy pesticide use countries in Asia include Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines (Cagauan 1995) and China (Wood et al. [26] findings in cowpea production. Pesticide application practices, pest knowledge, and cost-benefits of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica, A SUSTAINABLE FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, A GREEN FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants, Plantation agriculture in the tropics Environmental issues, Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, NIGERIA'S SMALL SCALE FARMERS' AGROCHEMICAL USE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION, Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa, Regional carbon footprint analysis of dairy feeds for milk production in the USA, Farmers perception towardes organic and chemichal fertilizer, A Study on Pesticide Effects to the Rice Farmers and to the Environment in Kolambugan and Maigo, Lanao del Norte, Perceptions of Farmers' and Farmworkers' Wives on the Use and Hazards of Agrochemicals in Rural Vellore, Science for agriculture and rural development in the South, Assessing the factors of adoption of agrochemicals by plantain farmers in Ghana, Assessment of farming practices and uses of agrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin (CKDmfo): An Environmentally Induced, Occupational Exposure Disease, Use of Agrochemicals in West Bengal: Perspectives from the Field, Conventional Food Plot Management in an Organic Coffee Cooperative: Explaining the Paradox, Assessing Benefits and Costs of Commercial Banana Production in the Philippines, Impact of Chemical Fertilizer on Agriculture of Hijli Mouza of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. On the average, the number of extension visits was 0.416 times per year, which indicates poor extension services in the study area. Bangladeshi poor and untrained farmers apply the agrochemicals massively for getting rapid and huge returns from their shared lands causing incurable risks for the ecosystem and human health. Antimycotics are another name for fungicides. In 2013, 1,764,477MT of maize was produced and out of this value, Ashanti Region which was the third largest production region recorded a value of 201,786MT [2]. 3, pp. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics are key factors leading to antibiotic resistance. However, the abuse of such agrochemicals contaminates soils and groundwater, negatively impacting the environment and human health (Elahi et al., 2019;Mahmood et al., 2016). Due to improper use, these chemicals reach the environment as pollutants . Agriculture is one of the principal sectors of Ghanas economy. Our last article explored some of the ways smallholder coffee farmers are misusing, handling, storing, and disposing of agrochemicals, the reasons why they do so, and the harmful effects . They were then scored 1 for awareness and 0 otherwise. Penalties range from advisory or warning letters to monetary penalties of $750 to $10,000, depending on the type and severity of the violation. Also, a multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of health implications of agrochemical use on maize output. In this study, utility is defined as the satisfaction (equivalently measured as the benefit) a farmer derives from adhering to safety precautions and recommended dosage of agrochemicals. Transportation. Out of 154 respondents, 13% of the responded indicated that they wash the spraying machine in water bodies like rivers and streams. [7]. Through education about the proper use of these chemicals, the Department works to reduce pesticide misuse and enhance Illinois' agricultural industry. It could also be as a result of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals and the accompanied protective gears. According to Horna et al. agrochemical lixiviates, and all the nutrient leaching from agricultural land is causing the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. M. M. Mattah, P. A. D. Mattah, and G. Futagbi, Pesticide application among farmers in the catchment of ashaiman irrigation scheme of Ghana: health implications, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. There is a direct correlation between farmers agrochemicals use practices, the attitude of farmers, and their awareness level of its health effect on them and the environment at large. The study revealed that 85% of respondents who cultivated cash crops such as Cocoa and Rubber heavily relied on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Mode of action- The mode of action distinguishes physical poisons, nerve poisons, respiratory poisons, protoplasmic poisons, general poisons, and chitin inhibitors. Therapeutant Fungicide: A chemotherapeutant is a fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant. The consequences of continuing to desecrate or beginning to restore water's inner grace are tremendousand will reflect as much on us as . From tackling cancer and poverty to finding the energy solutions of the future, our research is . This corresponded to an almost 1 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields. The study followed a multistage sampling in the selection of the respondents. Gambiae in Areas of Varying Agrochemical Use in Cte D'Ivoire. Present agrochemical use in Ghana poses a risk to health and the environment. To estimate the effect of awareness level on farm output, multiple linear regression model was used where awareness level is an additional explanatory variable measuring the effect on output. The investigator may also interview applicators in the area, examine pesticide records and collect weather data in an attempt to determine the nature and cause of the damage. Extension visit exposes farmers to improve production technologies and proper utilization of farm inputs. 9198, 2013. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Summary statistics of continuous variables. In this study, the number of extension visits had a positive relationship with maize output. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture in Ghana, Statistics, Research and Information Directorate (SRID), Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, 2014. Pesticide misuse is often easy to spot. Hardcover. We may be exposed in our homes through misuse or by accidents, and be contaminated by consumer products including food. Agrochemicals can help a farmer achieve his or her goal of growing specific plant species while also eradicating weeds and other detrimental elements that deplete farming resources and reduce the quality of produce. Prescription Drug Use and Misuse in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health . Look for children, nearby farm workers and sensitive crops. xref
Finally, keep accurate, detailed records, including wind speed and direction during application, to avoid frivolous complaints. The value for the Chi-squared test of 0.00 indicates that the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. In Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment. Both parties will receive written notification if the Department finds a violation and takes enforcement action. For example, manually inspecting each plant and the entire farmland for pests, insects, and weeds and then engaging in removal is not practical without specialised expertise and a large expenditure of time and effort. This will lead to the avoidance of over/underapplication of agrochemicals and reduce the loss of time due to an illness of the farmer thereby increasing the efficiency and productivity of the crops and farmers. According to Okoffo et al. Make water unfit for consumption. B. T. Tawiah, Concentration of organochlorine insecticide residues in tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) fruit: a case study at akumadan in the offinso North district of Ashanti region [Ph.D. thesis], Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, 2013. Despite the reduced use of agrochemicals, unsafe chemical use practices are high among farmers in Africa. Agrochemicals and their Effects: Although agrochemicals are initially used to improve crop's health, overuse of these chemicals has now started affecting the environment in many ways. This means that if a farmer moves from low to moderate levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use, his or her maize output will increase by 309kg (3.09 bags) per acre. Agrochemicals in water diffuse with larger water bodies to promote the growth of algae - which can cause organisms such as fish to die. One of the most compelling motivations for farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality and quantity of their agricultural output. This study, based on 12 months of fieldwork during 1988-1989, examines growing agrochemical dependence and misuse in St. Vin-cent and the Grenadines in the East Caribbean. About Us B. Dinham, Growing vegetables in developing countries for local urban populations and export markets: problems confronting small-scale producers, Pest Management Science, vol. The significant differences in the cutoff points indicate that the three categories statistically and significantly differ and hence all the three categories should be included in the model. [7] It is still in the worldwide leading position based on sales of year 2019. 0000005573 00000 n
Pesticides can reduce the amount of time and effort required to manage agricultural land and product with a small expenditure of time, money, and effort. S. Omari, Assessing Farmers' knowledge of effects of agrochemical use on human health and the environment: a case study of Akuapem South Municipality, Ghana, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, vol. Plant Growth Regulators are a type of chemical. x-Wna6$EzoR+r~$wyP ]/yNC;U_Lo`Ju|=aXqK1VzO
L_@)m>?FaGA~Z+ Q,]c}e"SEe."uyIU0Kgmh2-Z[Z`XgB./wKP)ASkB{WIYIVpm?! H. K. Gill and H. Garg, Pesticides: environmental impacts and management strategies, in Pesticides-Toxic Aspects, S. Soloneski, Ed., pp. The field investigator then submits a report to the Department for review. Meanwhile, most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and rivers as sources of drinking water thereby linking chemical contamination exposures closely with toxicity. Examples include Zineb and Sulphur. agrochemicals safely.The major risk factors related to agrochemical exposure resulted from the misuse of pesticides, including erroneous beliefs of farmers regarding pesticide toxicity, the use of faulty spraying equipment, the lack of proper maintenance of spraying equipment, or the lack of protective gear and appropriate clothing. Effects on Soil. Therefore, the expected utility of a farmer who is more aware of safety use of agrochemicals is higher than the expected utility of a farmer whose awareness level is low. The IDOA cannot help complainants recover damages. where is the expected utility for farmers who are more aware of safety use of agrochemicals and is the expected utility for farmers who are less aware of safety use of agrochemicals. 0000007075 00000 n
They not only harm the entire batch right away, but they also have a long-term impact on the field. Dinham [10] reported that about 87% of vegetable farmers use chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. E. Lichtenberg and D. Zilberman, The econometrics of damage control: why specification matters, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. Laary, J.K. (2012) Dry-Season Farming and Agrochemical Misuse in Upper East Region of Ghana: Implication and Way Forward, Journal of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, 5(1) The inaugural edition of the AgroChem Summit 2023 themed as "Making India A Manufacturing Hub" brought together all stakeholders of the agrochemicals sector under one platform to brainstorm on the growth opportunities, safe and judicious use of agrochemicals by farmers, and current issues to draw a roadmap for the future direction of the . It also boosts crop yields, improves soil fertility and crop quality, and protects their investment in their crop. The exposure of farmers to agrochemicals has short term and long term effects [8, 9]. 0000000016 00000 n
The use of agrochemicals in many countries has become highly regulated, and permits provided by the government may be necessary for purchasing and applying approved agricultural products. the hazardous effects of the chemicals and also Government through extension agents should enlighten farmers on the misuse of agrochemical in order to have general acceptability of the farm products at large.